Urbanization and climate change are two inseparable realities that the world faces today. Cities, which have become centers of population, are now among the primary sources of CO₂ emissions when considering the entire life cycle.
In the European Union, buildings consume about 40% of all energy and produce 36% of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. It is projected that by 2050, around 70% of the world’s population will live in cities, and the challenges of reducing CO₂ emissions will only increase. Therefore, this situation calls for urgent action.
The choice of materials in construction is a crucial step towards sustainability. It is essential to understand that wood, as a sustainable and effective construction solution, can significantly contribute to reducing CO₂ emissions.
Wood acts as a CO₂ reservoir, as trees absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and convert it into carbon, which accumulates in the wood cells. When this wood is used in construction projects, the stored CO₂ remains sequestered until the wood decays or is burned.
Experts state that using wood in construction can reduce CO₂ emissions related to construction by up to 75% compared to traditional materials such as concrete and steel. This figure is impressive, especially considering that decarbonizing the cement and steel sectors will take time, with some specialists predicting it will not occur before 2035-2040.
However, the fight against CO₂ emissions goes beyond technology. It requires cultural shifts in the construction sector. Traditional habits are deeply ingrained, and it is necessary to change the perception of wood as a primary construction material. Currently, more than two-thirds of Europe’s buildings are energy inefficient, and only active education and promotion can help ensure the integration of wood into construction practices.
The use of wood can become the key to achieving sustainability goals much faster. It is important for public authorities to implement initiatives that promote the use of wood and ensure the sector’s adaptation to new sustainability standards.
We can be pleased that the EU is already taking concrete actions – due to the European Union’s green course initiatives, from November 1, 2024, it will be required that at least 50% of materials used in building construction come from renewable natural resources, including wood.
Looking to the future, we must strive for cities that are not only vibrant but also sustainable. Integrating wood into construction processes can help create CO₂ reservoirs that will store carbon dioxide for decades. Such solutions not only reduce emissions but also provide economic benefits by lowering energy costs and building operating expenses.
